Absolutely everything you need to know about the ATOM ... and much much MORE!
Hannah's ATOM UNIVERSE
Chemistry? more like che-MYSTERY? don't worry you have come to the right place!
1) What is the difference between a line spectrum and a continuous spectrum?
A: A CONTINUOUS SPECTRUM is produced when a white hot metal object (for example an incandescent light bulb filament) emits the fulll range of wavelenghts, this spectrum consists fo alll of the colours of the rainbow, ranging from red to violet. (1)
EMISSION SPECTRUM (line spectrum) The emission spectra produced is made up of a series of lines against a dark background. (1)
An ABSORPTION SPECTRUM (line spectrum) is made up of a black background against which there is a pattern of lines. Furthermore, the atoms which are gaseous absorb specific wavelengths of light which origniate from the continuous spectrum. (1)
TOTAL : (3)
2) What does it mean when an electron is "excited" ?
When the electron falls back down from the excited state to a lower energy level, it emits a photon. (1)
3) Calculate the isotope abundance of the following isotopes of Oxygen
160
17O
18O
16 O = 99.757 % = 99.757 / 100 = 0.99757% (1)
17 O = 0.038% = 0.038/100 = 0.0038% (1)
18 O = 0.295 % = 0.205 / 100 = 0.00205% (1)
4) NOW calculate the Relative Atomic Mass of all three isotopes - make sure that this is to 3 significant figures
6.63 x 10 J s16 O = 0.99757 * 15.9949163 = 15.9560486534
17 O = 0.0038 * 16.9991312 = 0.06459669856
18 O = 0.295 *0.00205 = 0.00060475
15.9560486534 + 0.06459669856 + 0.00060475 = 16.021250102 (1)
5) Match the following definitions to one another
when filling degenerate
orbitals (orbitals AUFBAU PRINCIPLE
of equal energy),
electrons fill all the
orbitals singly before
occupying them in parts.
electons fill the LOWEST energy
orbital that is available FIRST. PAULI EXCLUSION principle
any orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons. Hund's rule
And these electrons have opposite sign. (3)
TRUE OR FALSE
6) A photon can be reffered to as a tiny pocket of light or a "quanta" T
7) the structure of the sublevels is s,p,e and g F
8) electrons have "spin" T
9) Every sublevel can contain two electrons F
10) there are the same number of orbitals in every sublevel F (5)
11) Briefly explain the function of a mass spectrometer
The mass spectrometer refers to a device/ instrument; which is used to deduce the isotopic composition of an element.
In addition to determining the isotopic composition, it is also used to find out an element's atomic mass value. (fig 1)
12) Write the electron configuration for Lithium (using the 2, 8, 8 configuration)
2, 1 (1)
13) Now write out the FULL electron configuration of Lithium
1s2, 2s1 (1)
14) in isotopic notation, what do Z, X and A represent (3)
15) What does the RAM stand for
Relative Atomic Mass (1)
16) write down the value of Planck's constant
6.63 x 10 J s (1)
17) What does the electromagnetic spectrum consist of?
"The electromagnetic spectrum is just a name
of a range of radiation
let me tell you what they are
radio waves
microwaves
infra red -radiation
visible light
ultra violet
x rays
gamma rays! " (Listen to the full song at)
(4)
18) How is a flame test conducted- and why is it useful? (1)
Nuclear Symbol
The nuclear symbol incorporates the letters A and Z. The element is represented by X
A
z
X
Element symbol
Mass Number A = Z + N
(protons + neutrons)
Atomic number= number of protons
-34
Flame tests are experiments which are conducted in a laboratory environment. The purpose/ reasoning behind the flame test, is to observe the colours emitted due to the excited electrons falling from higher energy levels to lower energy levels; when this happens photons of light are emitted. The lights emitted also are dependent on the element- this is also useful for discovering substances which are not known.
Questions : Answer Key
